The Gibeonites killed all seven, and hung up their bodies at the sanctuary at Gibeah (2 Samuel 21:8-9). Nor was there any one more pious than he (M. Q. [35]:50ff The notion of a United Monarchy of Israel and Judah is believed by some scholars to be a later ideological construct; Judah is thought, on the basis of archaeological evidence, to have emerged as an operational kingdom no earlier than the 8th century BCE. According to the text, he was anointed by the prophet Samuel and reigned from Gibeah. 131)—this act was forgiven him, however, and a heavenly voice (bat qol) was heard, proclaiming: Saul is the chosen one of God (Ber. ", "King Saul, work-related stress and depression", "Psychiatry in scripture: Sacred texts and psychopathology", SAMUEL AND SAUL: A NEGATIVE SYMBIOSIS by Rabbi Moshe Reiss, List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel, ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saul&oldid=1003372428, 11th-century BC Kings of Israel (united monarchy), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Saul is sent with a servant to look for his father's strayed donkeys. According to Muslim exegetes, the name 'Tālūt' means 'Tall' (from the Arabic "tūl") and refers to the extraordinary stature of Saul, which would be consistent with the Biblical account. 11 gennaio 1796. The fact that he was merciful even to his enemies, being indulgent to rebels themselves, and frequently waiving the homage due to him, was incredible as well as deceiving. Saul later marries Michal to another man. ", "The case of King Saul: Did he have recurrent unipolar depression or bipolar affective disorder? Three of Saul's sons – Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua – died with him at Mount Gilboa (1 Samuel 31:2; 1 Chronicles 10:2). Saul expended his own substance for the war, and although he knew that he and his sons would fall in battle, he nevertheless went forward, while David heeded the wish of his soldiers not to go to war in person (2 Samuel 21:17; Lev. Saul offered his elder daughter Merab as a wife to the now popular David, after his victory over Goliath, but David demurred. According to the Hebrew text of the Bible Saul reigned for two years, but scholars generally agree that the text is faulty and that a reign of twenty or twenty-two years is more probable.[1]. God's change of mind in rejecting Saul as king has raised questions about God's "repentance", which would be inconsistent with God's immutability. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser† Shalmaneser† Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon† Sennacherib† Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi† Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon† Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes, First king of the United Kingdom of Israel, This article is about King Saul, the biblical figure found in the Hebrew Bible. Saul married Ahinoam, daughter of Ahimaaz.They had four sons and two daughters. [37] Liubov Ben-Noun of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, believes that passages referring to King Saul's disturbed behavior indicate he was afflicted by a mental disorder, and lists a number of possible conditions. olasz drámaíró, költő és író. Saul offered his other daughter, Michal in marriage to David. R. Marchetti Alfieri e l'arte in Il Platano, anno I, numero 2, Asti, 1976. ); son of Kish from the tribe of Benjamin (I Sam. In time, he came under the protection of David (2 Samuel 9:7–13). When he received the command to smite Amalek (1 Samuel 15:3), Saul said: For one found slain the Torah requires a sin offering [Deuteronomy 21:1–9]; and here so many shall be slain. For five months their bodies were hung out in the elements, and the grieving Rizpah guarded them from being eaten by the beasts and birds of prey (2 Samuel 21:10). In the narrative of Saul's private anointing in 1 Samuel 9:1-10:16, Saul is not referred to as a king (melech), but rather as a "leader" or "commander" (nagid) (1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 10:1). Rashi 30:12); for when he ascended the throne he was as pure as a child, and had never committed sin (Yoma 22b). Rashi 9:28). She conjures the spirit of the prophet Samuel, who before his death had prophesied that he would lose the kingdom. After dealing with that threat Saul tracks. The last of these is that Saul will be met by an ecstatic group of prophets leaving a high place and playing the lyre, tambourine, and flutes. David had left Nob by this point and had amassed some 300 disaffected men including some outlaws. His reign, traditionally placed in the late 11th century BCE,[1] supposedly marked a transition from a tribal society to statehood. Saul realises he could trap David and his men by laying the city to siege. Saul è una tragedia di Vittorio Alfieri in endecasillabi sciolti strutturata in cinque atti. After the battle, Saul instructs his armies, by a rash oath, to fast. Samuel then kills the Amalekite king himself. It describes how Samuel's mother Hannah requests a son from Yahweh, and dedicates the child to God at the shrine of Shiloh. But Saul sees through the ruse and reprimands Jonathan for protecting David, warning him that his love of David will cost him the kingdom, furiously throwing a spear at him. (2 Samuel 21:13-14). For the New Testament figure known as Saul of Tarsus, see, Saul of the United Kingdom of Israel & Judah, Battle of Gilboa and the death of King Saul. The second view of Saul makes him appear in the most favourable light as man, as hero, and as king. [28] But since 2 Samuel records only the Amalekite's report, and not the report of any other eye-witness, some scholars theorize that the Amalekite may have been lying to try to gain favor with David. ), and taught the people how they should slay cattle (cf 1 Samuel 14:34). The sons were Jonathan, Abinadab, Malchishua and Ish-bosheth.Their daughters were named Merab and Michal. Some Muslims refer to Saul as Tālūt (Arabic: طالوت‎), and believe that (as in the Bible) he was the commander of Israel. It probably included Mt. Ish-bosheth became king of Israel, at the age of forty. Saul is a theatrical tragedy in five acts, written by Vittorio Alfieri in 1782, in which the eponymous protagonist simultaneously embodies the tragic heroism of both tyrant and victim. Instead, David obtains 200 foreskins and is consequently married to Michal. The victorious Philistines recover Saul's body as well as those of his three sons who also died in the battle, decapitate them and display them on the wall of Beth-shan. In 2 Samuel, an Amalekite tells David he found Saul leaning on his spear after the battle and delivered the coup de grâce; David has the Amalekite put to death for having killed the Lord's anointed king. "Saul" hat yn de Wikipedy ferskate betsjuttings: Persoanen. Rashi 26:7; Yalq., Sam. But the event showed it was a false policy; for the people were so faint and weak for want of food, that they were less able to follow and slay the Philistines than if they had stopped to take a moderate refreshment". When a week passed with no word of Samuel, and with the Israelites growing restless, Saul prepares for battle by offering sacrifices. He was marvelously handsome; and the maidens who told him concerning Samuel (cf 1 Samuel 9:11–13) talked so long with him that they might observe his beauty the more (Ber. [23] The account in 1 Chronicles summarises by stating that: There are several textual or narrative issues in the text, including the aforementioned conflicting accounts of Saul's rise to kingship and his death, as well as plays on words, that biblical scholars have discussed. 4:16; Tanḥ. The historicity of Saul's kingdom is not universally accepted[1][34] and there is insufficient extrabiblical evidence to verify if the biblical account reflects historical reality. In the Qur'an, Israelites demanded a King after the time of Musa (Moses). Whatever may be the merits or defects of Alfieri, he may be considered as the founder of a new school in the Italian drama. (Heb. "L'unico mortale ch'io desiderava conoscere era Vittorio Alfieri; ma odo dire ch'ei non accoglie persone nuove: ne io presumo di fargli rompere questo suo proponimento che deriva forse da' tempi, da' suoi studj, e più ancora dalle sue passioni e dall'esperienza del mondo. AbydosDynasty He flees to Ziph pursued by Saul. R. Marchetti Alfieri e l'arte in «Il Platano», anno I, numero 2, Asti, 1976. David flees to Jonathan, who arranges a meeting with his father. Vittorio Alfieri, fratel massone in «Il Platano», anno VII, Asti, 1982. Leaving his home at, A popular movement having arisen to establish a centralized monarchy like other nations, Samuel assembles the people at, Some of the inhabitants of Ziph betray David's location to Saul, but David hears about it and flees with his men to Maon. Hannah names the resulting son Samuel, giving as her explanation, "because from God I requested him." [36] Martin Huisman sees the story of Saul as illustrative of the role of stress as a factor in depression. While dining with Saul, Jonathan explains David's absence, saying he has been called away to his brothers. Saul's son Jonathan and David become close friends. Saul collapses in fear, and the medium restores him with food in anticipation of the next day's battle. After Samuel tells Saul that God has rejected him as king, David, a son of Jesse, from the tribe of Judah, enters the story: from this point on Saul's story is largely the account of his increasingly troubled relationship with David. Saul, Kentucky; Saül, a town in French Guiana; Saul, Gloucestershire, England; Saul, County Down, Northern Ireland; Saul, a village in eastern Afghanistan during 982 CE; This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. Quest'ultima è ritenuta, assieme al Saul, il capolavoro assoluto di Alfieri, opera anticipatrice, come i miti greci a cui si rifà, di tematiche della psicoanalisi. He also exerted some influence in the northern mountains in Judah and beyond the Jezreel Valley. Two opposing views of Saul are found in classical rabbinical literature. Now Saul actively plots against David. The only male descendant of Saul to survive was Mephibosheth, Jonathan's lame son (2 Samuel 4:4), who was five years old at the time of his father's and grandfather's deaths. – Firenze, 1803. október 8.) [10], Accounts of Saul's behavior have made him a popular subject for speculation among modern psychiatrists. Samuel arrives just as Saul is finishing sacrificing and reprimands Saul for not obeying his instructions. Saul hunts David in the vicinity of Ziph on two occasions: The Philistines make war again, assembling at Shunem, and Saul leads his army to face them at Mount Gilboa. 16b; Ex. Saul, the first anointed king (Esth. 48b). During the lifetime of Saul there was no idolatry in Israel. La vicenda, tratta dalla Bibbia, è incentrata sulle ultime ore di Saul, nell'accampamento militare di Gelboè durante la guerra contro i Filistei. During Saul’s campaign against the Philistines, Samuel said that he would arrive in seven days to perform the requisite rites. Saul follows David, but is forced to break off pursuit when the Philistines invade. Talut led the Israelites to victory over the army of Goliath, who was killed by Dawud (David). But at night the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead retrieve the bodies for cremation and burial (1 Samuel 31:8–13, 1 Chronicles 10:12). Hudson, J. Francis, 'Rabshakeh' [Lion Publishing 1992] is a fictionalisation of Saul's tragedy. The birth-narrative of the prophet Samuel is found at 1 Samuel 1–28. Saul died at the Battle of Mount Gilboa (1 Samuel 31:3–6; 1 Chronicles 10:3–6), and was buried in Zelah, in the region of Benjamin (2 Samuel 21:14). Unlike some other Qur'anic figures, the Arabic name is not similar to the Hebrew name (Sha'ul). Methodist commentator Joseph Benson suggests that "Saul’s intention in putting this oath was undoubtedly to save time, lest the Philistines should gain ground of them in their flight. The Qur'anic account[31] differs from the Biblical account (if Saul is assumed to be Talut) in that in the Bible the sacred Ark was returned to Israel before Saul's accession, and the test by drinking water is made in the Hebrew Bible not by Saul but by Gideon. 138). David distinguishes himself in the Philistine wars. Saul's attitude toward David finds its excuse in the fact that his courtiers were all tale-bearers, and slandered David to him (Deut. 16b, and Rashi ad loc.). Saul was distinguished by the greatness of his knowledge and of his physique; it was a sign of his role as King that God brought back the Ark of the Covenant for Israel. Saul Myrrha: Partner(ka) Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern: Podpis: oficiální stránka: multimediální obsah na Commons: galerie na Commons: původní texty na Wikizdrojích: Seznam děl v Souborném katalogu ČR: Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky. The passage makes extensive play with the root-elements of Saul's name, and ends with the phrase hu sa'ul le-Yahweh, "he is dedicated to Yahweh." Later on, David takes the bones of Saul and of his son Jonathan and buries them in Zela, in the tomb of his father (2 Samuel 21:12–14). According to this view, Saul is only a weak branch (Gen. Rashi 25:3), owing his kingship not to his own merits, but rather to his grandfather, who had been accustomed to light the streets for those who went to the bet ha-midrash, and had received as his reward the promise that one of his grandsons should sit upon the throne (Lev. Rashi 9:2). Saul kills all the men, women, children and poor quality livestock, but leaves alive the king and best livestock. One is based on the reverse logic that punishment is a proof of guilt, and therefore seeks to rob Saul of any halo which might surround him; typically this view is similar to the republican source. Di Benedetto, Giuseppe Bonghi, "Biografia di Vittorio Alfieri", I segni senza ruggine. Archeology seems to confirm that until about 1000 BCE, the end of Iron Age I, Israelite society was essentially a society of farmers and stockbreeders without any truly centralized organization and administration. The passage referring to Saul as a choice young man, and goodly (1 Samuel 9:2) is in this view interpreted as meaning that Saul was not good in every respect, but goodly only with respect to his personal appearance (Num. The name 'Tālūt' has uncertain etymology. W swoich dramatach, opartych głównie na mitologii greckiej, Alfieri poruszał problem tyranii i jej przezwyciężenia. [13] Jonathan's party were not aware of the oath and ate honey, resulting in Jonathan realising that he had broken an oath of which he was not aware, but was nevertheless liable for its breach, until popular intervention allowed Jonathan to be saved from death on account of his victory over the Philistines.[14]. This view is similar to that of the monarchical source. Samuel rebuked the people for this and told them that Talut was more favored than they were. În literatura italiană, Vittorio Alfieri est cel mai mare poet tragic, inamicul neînduplecat al tiranilor, al sclaviei al convenționalismului. In Sheol, Samuel reveals to Saul that in the next world, Saul would dwell with Samuel, which is a proof that all has been forgiven him by God (Er. Green, A., 'King Saul, The True History of the First Messiah' [Lutterworth Press 2007], Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo, Slayers of Saleh's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr). "[19] Jonathan even gives David his military clothes, symbolizing David's position as successor to Saul. Voci in vetrina in altre lingue senza equivalente su it.wiki, Il pensiero letterario: Alfieri tra l'Illuminismo e il Romanticismo, Influenza politica del pensiero alfieriano, Conte di Solbrito, marchese di Felizzano; nipote acquisito, Vicino ad un vago deismo, Alfieri era sostanzialmente un agnostico che condannava tanto l'. R., Proem 10) was selected for many reasons: (1) his military prowess (Mid. Rashi 8:4). Samuel and Saul each return home and never meet again after these events (1 Samuel 15:33–35). The succession to his throne was contested by Ish-bosheth, his only surviving son, and his son-in-law David, who eventually prevailed. Some Hebrew versions say that the five sons were Michal's – e.g., The idea was originally advanced in the 19th century, and has most recently been elaborated in, Life Application Study Bible: Note on 2 Samuel 1:13, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, United Kingdom of Israel (Israel and Judah), "The Last Labayu: King Saul and the Expansion of the First North Israelite Territorial Entity", Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on 1 Samuel 10, Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on 1 Samuel 16, "1 Samuel 18 ; ESV – David and Jonathan's Friendship", "The Reinterment of Saul and Jonathan's Bones (II Sam 21, 12–14) in Light of Ancient Greek Hero-Cult Stories", "Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible): Lecture 13 – The Deuteronomistic History: Prophets and Kings (1 and 2 Samuel)", "The Amalekite report of Saul's death: political intrigue or incompatible sources? According to the Qur'an, Talut was chosen by the Prophet Samuel (not mentioned by name explicitly, but rather as "a Prophet" of the Israelites) after being asked by the people of Israel for a King) to lead them into war. [10] The Pulpit Commentary distinguishes between a private and a public selection process.[11]. [3] A biblical summary states that "wherever he turned, he was victorious". In the battle, however, David slew Goliath and was made the subsequent King of Israel.[31]. Jego zamiarem było danie Włochom dramatów porównywalnych z osiągnięciami innych narodów. Appartenente alla corrente del preromanticismo, viaggerà per tutta Europa e scriverà tragedie che influenzeranno tutto il mondo del teatro (in particolare, il Saul e la Mirra). Jonathan recognizes David as the rightful king, and "made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul. Italiano: Vittorio Alfieri fu un poeta tragico italiano vissuto nella seconda metà del settecento. The next day, Jonathan meets with David and tells him Saul's intent. Saul sends more men, but they too join the prophets. Vittorio Alfieri (16. tammikuuta 1749 Asti – 8. lokakuuta 1803 Firenze) oli italialainen näytelmäkirjailija, runoilija, esseisti ja näyttelijä.